Arbitrage pricing cannot be applied to commodity futures because the physicalcommodity does not represent a pure asset: Since consumption and processing of thecommodity can drive down inventories to zero, it is not always possible to construct areplicating portfolio for the futures contract, and...

This paper examines properties of mean-variance inefficient proxieswith respect to producing a linear relation between expected returnsand betas. The numerical results of a Monte Carlo simulation showthat in the CAPM slightly inefficient, positively weighted proxies causean almost perfect linear...