find that poverty defined with respect to relative incomes has no effect on changes in health. However, broader measures of … poor material conditions such as subjective poverty or low relative value of wealth significantly increase the probability … analysed. In addition to this the subjective measure of poverty has a significant effect on mortality, increasing it by 40 …

In China, as in many developing countries, poverty is primarily a rural phenomenon. Considerable efforts have been made … over the last few decades to reduce poverty in China's rural areas; and indeed, the poverty rate in these areas has fallen …, and social implications in today's China. Given the well-documented correlation between landlessness and rural poverty …