, population from the Global Rural–urban Mapping Project (GRUMP) and irrigation area from the Global Map of Irrigated Area dataset … 2070–2100. Climate change vulnerability of irrigation demands is estimated from changes in maximum potential water … withdrawals for irrigation in current and future scenarios. Maximum potential water withdrawal for irrigation was computed as the …

EPIC, as a proxy index for the physical factors considered by farmers when managing irrigation. Recent trends suggest that … changes in the irrigation needs of crops. Also, water availability may continue to vary due to changes in the rainfall regime …, adaptation to climate change can be best supported by improvements to the collective irrigation systems, rather than by measures …

devising a suitable method for assessment of vulnerability to drought. Analysis of annual and seasonal rainfall records for the … period from 1901–2007 revealed that the study basin had faced drought condition with an average frequency of once in every 5 … years. The maximum rainfall deficiency recorded in the basin was of the order of −68% in 1979. Recently, drought conditions …

world. According to the results, Urmia Lake basin faced the most severe drought condition in the past half century in 1998 … and RDI performance in drought recognition was acceptable and matched in many cases; nevertheless, it was concluded that … RDI is more sensitive to severe drought. While SPI had no long term trend, RDI showed negative trend and an abrupt change …

socio-economic, environmental and administrative systems) are critical, mainly on drought prone transboundary river basins …