A Monte Carlo investigation is used to examine the performance of two commonly used tests for Granger causality for univariate and bivariate nonstationary ARMA (p,q) processes. Tests are applied to raw data, first differences of the raw data, and detrended versions of the series. The results...

Empirical analysis examines the presence of basis risk, speculative component, and expected maturity basis component in basis relationships for nonstorable commodities. The results indicate that all three above components exist in both cattle and hog markets. The basis risk and speculative...