carry out experiments based on two-stage games, where R&D investment choices are followed by product market competition. As …

differentiation. An extensive set of laboratory experiments also provides support for the U-shape, both for symmetric firms and for …

aim is to avoid losses that can ensue if the sum of their contributions falls short of a threshold. Earnings are split …

This paper proposes a rational model of voter participation by generalizing a common-value model of costless voting to … include not just pivotal voting but also marginal voting incentives. A new strategic incentive for abstention arises in that … presents a larger disincentive for voting than the swing voter's curse. Moreover, marginal motivations are shown to dominate …