economic structure in cities is once again becoming signifi cantly more relevant. Under the concept of the "Productive City …", small businesses are to be integrated more strongly into the existing various neighborhoods of a city. In order to implement … the concept of the Productive City in practice, a typology with quantitative factors is needed to assign completed …

haben. Durch somit ausgelöste Geschäftsaufgaben kann jedoch die Attraktivität der Innenstadt als Ganzes sinken, weshalb auch … changing consumer behavior is the inner-city retail. In fact, the frequency of passers-by and, therefore, potential customers … retailers do not adequately represent the negative effects. A closer look at inner-city retail areas reveals that despite …

thing which is criticised is the special treatment afforded to the so-called city-states Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg … Ministry of Finance was for a virtual fusion of the city-states with their neighbouring states, for fi scal equalisation …