The EU is a relatively open economy and has benefited from the global multilateral system. We argue that the EU should defend its strategic interests with three steps. First, it should collaborate with partners around the world in defence of multilateralism. Second, it should establish deeper...

This article explores how German pension and retirement policy could be made more sustainable, focusing on selected current options for action rather than attempting to provide a comprehensive overview. Before turning to specific problems and perspectives, the article first discusses key...

Few policies have been as heavily criticised as European agricultural policy. Consequently, since its establishment in 1962, it has been in a continuous process of reform, encompassing six major reforms in the last 30 years alone. The central question arises: What is the logic behind the endless...

Through the canon of the UN SDGs or the European Green Deal, sustainability goals are finding their way into legislation. From an economic point of view, these targets often aim to reduce negative external effects, which is in many cases in line with the economic goal of maximising welfare. The...

In Europe, legislators are increasingly introducing sustainability goals into the system of private law. By prohibiting certain conduct, increasing transparency, nudging companies, as well as changing institutions, procedures and liability regimes, legislators complement private law with tools...

ECB President Christine Lagarde and others have suggested that climate change creates risks for price stability and for the viability of counterparties to central bank interventions and therefore monetary policy should contribute to fighting climate change. However, pursuit of this new objective...