This paper analyses how tax morale and countries’ institutional quality affect the shadow economy, controlling in a … factors to understand the level and changes of shadow economy. Relatively new available data sources offer the unique … that a higher tax morale and a higher institutional quality lead to a smaller shadow economy. …

This paper analyses how governance or institutional quality and tax morale affect the shadow economy, using an … factors to understand the level and changes of shadow economy. However, the limited number of investigations use cross … support that its increase leads to a smaller shadow economy. Moreover, an increase in tax morale reduces the size of the …

government expenditure, the shadow economy and military expenditure. We find that the effect of corruption on public debt is …This paper examines the relationship between corruption and public debt in 106 countries. Results suggest that … corruption leads to an increase in public debt. We also investigate if the effect of corruption on pblic debt is increased by …

This paper has four goals: First, the use of cash as a possible driving factor of the shadow economy is investigated …. Second, the use of cash in crime, here especially in corruption, is also econometrically investigated. The influence is … somewhat larger than on the shadow economy, but it is certainly not a decisive factor for bribery activities. Some figures …

This paper is a first attempt to estimate the size and development of the shadow economy of 158 countries over the … size of the shadow economy of these 158 countries over 1991-2015 is 32.5% of official GDP, which was 34.82% in 1991 and … decreased to 30.66% in 2015. The lowest size of the shadow economy East Asian countries with 16.77% averaged over the period …

Using various methods estimates about the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition and OECD countries … are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (in percent of GDP) over 1989-93 in developing countries is 39 %, in … with rising state regulatory activities are the driving forces for the growth and size of the shadow economy. According to …

episode took a very heavy toll on the real economy, we argue that this was not a surprising outcome. In particular, historical …