This study examines the long-run relationship between industrial pollution and income in China using provincial panel … data. Four types of pollutants are modelled: waste water, solid wastes, soot and SO2 emission. Two types of income effects … EKC models; pollutant emissions may go positively or negatively with income irrespective of income levels whereas certain …

This paper examines the long-run relationship between income and urban air pollution using a joint distribution … are the major characteristics in the long-run relationship between income and urban air pollution in China, which implies … explain this new stylized fact. The findings provide strong support for taking more aggressive measures that consider income …