long run movements in the real exchange rate for Denmark and Norway, while demand shocks account for most of the long run … variance in the real exchange rate for Finland and Sweden. …

Recent contributions on offshoring often assume that firms can freely split their production process into separate … technologically determined sequence of production steps. In our model, cost savings from offshoring fluctuate along the production … from offshoring even if relocating individual steps would be advantageous in terms of offshoring costs, or they may …

Folgenden. Am Beispiel der Länder Dänemark, Deutschland, Norwegen, Österreich, Singapur und Vereinigtem Königreich werden die …

economic development for five industrialized European countries: the United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Italy. In …

-income hypothesis cannot be rejected for Denmark, it is in most cases rejected for Norway and Sweden. The Swedish system of market …

group level for Sweden (1997-2006). We find that manufacturing is servicifying substantially. Services and qualified …

from Sweden. For our observed period (1997-2011), while the share of firms engaged in offshoring fell during the period …In this paper, we investigate the effects of offshoring on workers' job security using matched employer-employee data … from around 25% to 22%, offshoring per worker within offshoring firms almost doubled. We make use of this variation to …

Finnish municipal data are used and a constitutional change in Sweden in 1970 is applied as an instrument for voter turnout in … local elections. In 1970, Sweden moved from having separate election days for different levels of government, among other … constitutional reform increased voter turnout in local elections in Sweden. The overall conclusion of this paper is that higher voter …