This paper estimates the effect of institutions on economic performance using cross-city data from China. We argue that … enrollment in Christian missionary lower primary schools in China in 1919 as an instrument for present institutions. Employing a … two-stage least squares method, we find that the effect of institutions on economic performance in China is positive and …

contract incentives, wage satisfaction), (ii) institutions (e.g. technology transfer offices, patent exploitation agencies … support infrastructure for start-ups in German academic institutions, these services are little known amongst their staff …

smaller countries that were historically backward and developed a different set of political and economic institutions during … political institutions for the long-run evolution of wealth-income ratios. …

control group, I develop an empirical strategy that disentangles the partial effects of institutions and of endowments on … income. I find that institutions are the main determinant of development, but that endowments have a sizeable direct impact … mix up the effect of the historical determinants of institutions with the sizeable direct impact of access to trade and of …

estimate the country-specific cost of capital. We find a negative relationship between institutions that protect property … rights and capital costs. Firms located in countries with weak institutions were charged a premium compared to similarly … risky firms located in countries with strong institutions, and this penalty appeared to be costly in terms of future growth …

the institutions and infrastructure literature in this respect, using selection-based gravity modeling of trade flows. We …