consumers of energy. While the overall trend of China’s energy pricing reform since 1984 has been moving away from the prices … set by the central government in the centrally planned economy and towards a more market-oriented pricing mechanism, the …

mule spindlescould exploit arbitrage opportunities between different types of cotton in theLiverpool market, reducing the … incentives to adopt rings. We use newly assembledprice data to show that such cost-reducing arbitrage opportunities were small …

return matrix allows for redundant assets. Prices of assets may permit arbitrage. At equilibrium, though restricted through … endogenously determined trading constraints, arbitrage possibilities may persist; in an example, an individual holds an arbitrage …

This paper provides real-time evidence on the frequency, size and duration of arbitrage opportunities and deviations … parity (CIP) condition ('round-trip arbitrage') and inter-market price differentials ('one-way arbitrage') using a unique …

persistence and find substantial reversion. We also test for possible arbitrage opportunities in the form of excess returns. Once … arbitrage in excess of the market return. The overall impression is that the Norwegian housing market is relatively micro …

here that integrality constraints can often be relaxed. In fact, simple mathematical programming, aimed at arbitrage or … replication, may bound or identify option prices. When the asset market is incomplete, the bounds stem from nonlinear pricing …

firms competing in a Cournot fashion. While limitless consumer arbitrage forces a monopolist to deviate from its optimal … pricing policies, it acts as a "disciplining device" helping the Cournot duopoly to approach and commit to the cartel solution … in some markets. The firms' total profit may hence be higher when they engage in integrated-market pricing and neither …

arbitrage, which requires a minimum divergence before the costs of arbitrage can be recouped. In this paper, we examine this … reasoning. If arbitrage was indeed the cause of mean reversion, one would expect to see a quantity respose of trade flows at the …