important aspects closely related to NCM: the absence of banks and monetary aggregates from this theoretical framework, and the …

-interest rate environment, which fundamentally changed the business environment for the Japanese commercial banks. On the income … side, with interest margins becoming increasingly depressed, net interest revenues declined, which forced the banks to … expand revenues from fees and commissions. The banks had to cut costs by reducing the number of employees, closing branches …

that banks require collateral from observably riskier borrowers (lender selection effect), while lower risk premiums arise …

, primarily by community banks. The survey evidence suggests that the use of credit scores in small business lending by community … banks is surprisingly widespread. Moreover, the scores employed tend to be the consumer credit scores of the small business …

acquiring banks value profitable, high-growth, and low-risk targets. We also find that the strength of bank regulation and … regimes and stronger deposit insurance schemes lower the takeover premiums paid by acquiring banks. This result, presumably in …

home country prudential supervisors and deposit insurance funding systems were stricter than the target's. For target banks …

of RPE in a new sample of large international non-U.S. banks. Taken as a whole, the banks in our sample show moderate … evidence consistent with RPE. We report stronger evidence once we investigate the subsample of banks that disclose the use of …