What are the long-term effects of universal preschool programs on child outcomes? We review 26 studies using natural experiments to estimate the effects of universal preschool programs for children aged 0-6 years on child outcomes measured from third grade to adulthood. Studies comparing...

Although reading is a fundamental skill, many students leave school without being proficient readers. We examine a literacy program targeting students most at-risk of reading difficulties in kindergarten and first grade. The program includes multi-sensory learning methods, which focus on...

This study investigates the impact of childhood health on labor market outcomes. We used type 1 diabetes as an instrument of health because its cause is multifactorial and it is triggered by a complex combination of genetic and environmental components; its incidence is low and unforeseeable for...

This paper investigates if the effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on school performance has changed over time using national Swedish population register data. The issue is of interest because management and treatment of the disease have improved over the last decades and, furthermore,...

Despite the mounting costs of the pandemic at the global scale, the country-specific costs were rather heterogenous. National performances varied depending on the restrictive measures adopted, institutional strength, as well as adherence to stringency measures. We illustrate that obedience and...

We study the effect of birth order on personality traits among men using population data on enlistment records and occupations for Sweden. We find that earlier born men are more persistent, socially outgoing, willing to assume responsibility, and able to take initiative than later-borns. In...

This article proposes a new class of rating scale models, which merges advantages and overcomes shortcomings of the traditional linear and ordered latent regression models. Both parametric and semi-parametric estimation is considered. The insights of an empirical application to satisfaction data...

The growth rate of temporary help service employment is often considered to be a leading business cycle indicator, because the firing and hiring of temporary help workers typically lead that of permanent workers. However, few works in the literature focus on the mechanism that generates the lag...

This paper uses an own built dataset on the history of universities in Italy during 1861-2010 to estimate neighbourhood effects in the local supply of higher education, and incorporate them in a welfare analysis. We implement an instrumental variables approach that exploits initial conditions in...

India is at the cusp of a major urban transition. In less than twenty years, India's urban population is expected to nearly double from 377 million today to over 600 million. Indian cities already contribute an estimated two-thirds of India's GDP, and this number is expected to rise to 75% by...