This paper examines the profit testing of life insurance companies that issue participating policies, type B and type A … stochastic and modeled by normal or variance gamma distributions. We rely on the stochastic profit testing techniques introduced … the profit testing indicators. We show that the variance gamma model results in more conservative predictions - in a …

employers incentives to transfer the costs to their workers, affecting individual wages and inducing cream skimming. Side … off employer incentives on individual wages is estimated using a reform in January 1992, which introduced an employer co … information on hourly wages, gives no support of any important individual wage effects from the co-insurance reform. This is not a …

ultimately replaced in what follows. The formal point of reference is the integrated approach to credit, money, income …

the experiment have substantially reduced educational attainments, lower earnings and higher welfare dependency rates …

The UK has experienced a dramatic increase in earnings and income inequality over the past four decades. We use … monetary policy shocks lead to a deterioration in earnings and income inequality and contribute to its fluctuation. Our …

The UK has experienced a dramatic increase in earnings and income inequality over the past four decades. We use … policy shocks lead to a deterioration in earnings, income and consumption inequality and contribute to their fluctuation. The … response of income and consumption at different quantiles suggests that contractionary policy has a larger negative effect on …

persistent effect on subsequent employment and income. After initial periods with a higher incidence of sick leave, treated … treated workers, who manage to stay in employment, incur persistent income losses. The effects are stronger for sub-groups of …

in the US. We challenge the long-held belief that BN primarily affects high income White teenagers, using a unique data …; as are girls from low income families compared to middle and high income families. We use another data set to show that … who is diagnosed with an eating disorder is in accord with popular beliefs, suggesting that African American and low-income …

. In US election survey data, we find that income is more important in affecting voting behavior for more informed voters … strong correlation between income and political information, Congress representatives vote more conservatively, which is also …