institutions on development, the costs of fractionalization, and research on the policies of social inclusion around the world. …

country like Tunisia. It argues that an ELR-led economic development policy is vastly superior to the traditional import … substitution industrialization (ISI), export-led, and FDI-led development models, all of which Tunisia has adopted without much …

measures to achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). A MDGs status report on Kenya indicates that progress has been made …

income. I find that institutions are the main determinant of development, but that endowments have a sizeable direct impact … control group, I develop an empirical strategy that disentangles the partial effects of institutions and of endowments on … mix up the effect of the historical determinants of institutions with the sizeable direct impact of access to trade and of …

resource measure, using alternative measures of both resources and institutions, and by studying different time periods. While … institutions are good enough. …

-optimistic in face of the slowdown of commodity prices and problems of industrialisation. But good development is not necessarily …

debt-led regime until the taper tantrum in 2013. Since then, a development towards a more export-led regime is observable …

. This paper provides this background context for the country of South Africa. The South African case illustrates the … ideological and political space for South Africa to depart from neoliberal orthodoxy in ways that seemed unlikely before the …