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solutions that are theoretically desirable given certain ideal goals (e.g. efficiency) and conditions can be referred to as … political bias. So what role does the political process play in the realisation of PPPs, in the actual design of PPPs, and in … (efficient) PPPs and that it is likely to decrease efficiency either way. A case study for userfinancing PPPs in the transport …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010306845
We use survey data to demonstrate that individuals extrapolate from their peer groups when forming estimates about aggregate economic outcomes (e.g. the aggregate homeownership rate). In a first approach, we follow the previous literature and construct hypothetical peer groups using information...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013370144
less data. The choice of survey mode, therefore, involves a potential tradeoff between bias and variance of estimators. I … dilemma. I then use a simulation study to show how and under what conditions a hybrid survey design can improve efficiency of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012653498
Organized crime reinforces its corrupting influence on politics through violent intimidation. Anti-crime measures that increase the cost of corruption but not of the exercise of violence might accordingly lead mafia-style organizations to retaliate by resorting to violence in lieu of bribery. On...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013353588
When Covid-19 was declared as a pandemic, countries administered lockdowns and stimulus packages were announced to address the deteriorating situation. For implementing these packages, routine control measures were simplified and often relaxed. The G20 countries were quick to react by...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013479034
Organised crime tightens its corrupting influence on politics through violent intimidation. Anti-crime measures that increase the cost of corruption but not of the exercise of violence might accordingly lead mafia-style organizations to retaliate by resorting to violence in lieu of bribery. On...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014305712
Die EU hat durch die Zinsenrichtlinie einerseits eindeutig von einer Politik, die auf einem Vertrauen gegenüber dem Bürger und einer gewissen Selbstbestimmung beruhte, zu einer Vorgehensweise gewechselt die durch Misstrauen und Kontrolle geprägt ist. Andererseits erscheinen die Regelungen der...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010294497
This paper analyses how tax morale and countries’ institutional quality affect the shadow economy, controlling in a multivariate analysis for a variety of potential factors. The literature strongly emphasizes the quantitative importance of these factors to understand the level and changes of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010294508
This paper analyses how governance or institutional quality and tax morale affect the shadow economy, using an international country panel and also within country data. The literature strongly emphasizes the quantitative importance of these factors to understand the level and changes of shadow...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010294548
When Legislators introduce laws that award amnesties to 'low-rank' criminals co- operating with the justice, top criminals may bribe public officials to subvert the law. Legislators should anticipate this reaction and fight it back by introducing policies that bundle amnesties for low-rank...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011739613