This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption … that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. We … also find that stricter regulations increase both corruption and the shadow economy. …

, and exposed rampant government corruption involving construction and zoning code violations, as a factor magnifying the … on the other hand, were responsible for the incompetence shown in providing relief, for involvement in corruption related … responsible for different types of corruption and mismanagement provided us with a unique data to differentiate between voter …

achieve research goals. Hence reviewers and editors should not reject a manuscript on the basis of potential non-response bias …

additional important result is that there is a negative skill-bias associated with embodied technical change. …

There have been many attempts, theoretical and empirical, to explain the persistence of a favorite-longshot bias in … model used fails to allow for the existence of horse betting markets which either display no such bias (or a reverse bias …

In this paper, we test two different kinds of bias; the favorite-longshot/favorite-underdog and the home team bias, and … types of bias. We conduct our tests by subjecting 2001-2004 data for the AFL to detailed scrutiny, using standard … a bias, we test potential profitability via betting simulation. We are able to reject the existence of any significant …

from players with such an incentive and from neutral third parties with no incentive to bias their beliefs. We find no … difference between the two sets of beliefs, suggesting that people do not negatively bias their beliefs about a strategic …