size and find a large negative council size effect. This pattern provides indirect evidence for the occurrence of lobbying …. The direction of the effect could be explained by free-riding incentives in individual lobbying effort contribution caused …

regulation when policy is determined in a lobbying game between a government and firm. We compare the resulting regulation levels … lobbying, but that lobbying can reverse the welfare ordering. …

We analyze the determinants of environmental policy when two firms engage in two types of lobbying against a … restriction on allowed pollution: General lobbying increases the total amount of allowed pollution, which is beneficial for both … firms. Private lobbying increases the individual pollution standard of the lobbying firm, but has a negative or zero effect …

This paper investigates if multinationals in.uence the political process through lobbying more effectively than … national firms. First, I introduce a model which contrasts a multinational's incentives for lobbying with those of a national … firm. Then the effect of lobbying on the political decision is analyzed. I conclude that multinationals have smaller …

This paper surveys recent approaches towards lobbying if interest groups influence the decision of an incumbent … transmission of information through lobbying. Recent extensions to the two basic lobbying models are discussed in great detail … into a general lobbying model. The survey concludes with a summary of the main insights and indicates promising directions …

are the opposite to those emerging from a model where only bribes are used. – lobbying ; threats ; quality of policymakers …

We study lobbying in a setting in which decision-makers share resources in a network. Two opposing interest groups …-makers' ideologies as well as the network structure. We characterize the lobbying strategies in various network settings and show that a … findings are consistent with empirically established lobbying activities. …