's counterfactual work behavior. We show that extending parental leave has significant positive effects on children's health and human … provided by mothers (or formal institutions) is superior to informal care-arrangements. …

overall improvement in the health at birth (as measured by the low birth weight indicator) of the cohorts exposed to the shock …. Moreover, we find significant improvements in health at birth exclusively for boys and not for girls. This effect seems to be … fetuses and, as a result of this selection in utero, at birth, one should observe significant improvements in health outcomes …

Labor force participation rates of mothers in Austria and Germany are similar, however full-time employment rates are … much higher among Austrian mothers. In order to find out to what extent these differences can be attributed to differences …, differences in mothers' employment patterns can partly be explained by the different tax systems: While Germany has a system of …

) studies, we find that the significantly positive impact of family status on children's health outcomes disappears if we … lower as compared to that of newborn babies of single mothers. The family status effects in the 2000s are stronger as they … confine our sample to mothers, who are below the age of 22 years. We conclude that social and financial stress may have an …

instrument is supported by a host of validity tests. This strategy also enables us to predict mothers' abilities. Our results …

intermediate outcomes such as mothers' subsequent earnÿ­ings, child health, parental fertility, divorce rates, or the mothers …' mental health. Overall the results suggest positive causal interaction effects between mothers' education and the amount of … time mothers spend with their children. Since the institutional context is one in which the alternative is subsidized day …

has remained fairly constant. In this paper we re-evaluate the labour supply responses of both mothers and fathers to … reflect actual time off from work in a system where job-protection exceeds paid leave. We find that both mothers and fathers …