If official interventions convey private information useful for price discovery in foreign-exchange markets, then they should have value as a forecast of near-term exchange-rate movements. Using a set of standard criteria, we show that approximately 60 percent of all U.S. foreign-exchange...

A history of the evolution of political economy models in the early 1930s--crucial years of change in the supervision and regulation of the financial industry--outlining the policies of the Hoover and Roosevelt administrations, the change of focus in the Federal Reserve Board from...

Once the Federal Reserve Banks started providing par interbank funds transfers, their check collection service was unnecessary to bring nationwide par check collection in competitive banking markets. The survival of non-par banks probably reflected the absence of competition in the markets where...