Rubins Modell zur Analyse kausaler Abhängigkeiten gewinnt in den vergangenen Jahren verstärkte Aufmerksamkeit in der Statistik. Dies ist nicht zuletzt auf die Verwendung von Graphen zur Beschreibung komplexer Abhängigkeitsstrukturen zurückzuführen. J.Pearl und P.Sprites u.a. haben kausale...

The conventional lists of stylized facts are composed of sentences about the comovement of ordinary macroeconomic time-series and the business cycle. It is argued that these lists are incomplete because heterogeneous agent stylized facts are missing. But there is evidence about the heterogeneity...

An essential feature of Schumpeter’s business cycle theory is the attempt to explain the macrodynamics of an economy by means of innovative heterogeneous agents. It has been criticized for being theoretically inconsistent as well as for its lack of empirical confirmation. In particular, the...

Empirical studies show that agents often violate Bayes' rule in updating probability expectations. This paper deals with errors in combining observations with prior knowledge. Such errors neccessarily occur when agents have limited information-processing capacities. It is shown that rational...

The ongoing debate on the ``service gap'' in Germany has lead to empirical findings bolstering the argument of a lack of outsourcing activities.Hence, there is still a need to back these findings from an organisational point of view. After a short overview on empirical findings, the present...

The main objective of the European Council Directive 96/61/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and control is to achieve an integrated approach of environmental protection by co-ordinating the authorization procedures of the competent authorities. However, by prescribing the permit...

There is robust experimental evidence that in the ultimatum game real players often prefer a fair allocation which seems to be in contrast to rational decision making. In this paper rational maximizing behavior as well as norm-guided fair behavior are two possible behavioral rules. It is argued...

In standard market theory demand and cost functions have to be known to compute optimal price or quantity responses. In case of risk or uncertainty the decisions depend on expectations, i.e. estimated parameters. Even in case of rational inference these expectations itself are uncertain, at...

While modern theorising on the microfoundation of macroeconomics makes intense use of the representative firm notion, severe objections have been raised. Regarded from the history of thought this is the second time that its usefulness is called into question. The paper presents an old literature...

With the forthcoming single currency the current discussion on fair returns not only focuses on the transfers to the EC but also on the implicit gains and losses in seigniorage revenues for each single participant of the EMU. After a short clarification of differient concepts of seigniorage and...