productivity or not. It distinguishes between establishments that are covered by collective bargaining or not. Results from a … framework that point to high positive effects of works councils on productivity. …

demonstrates that the impact of works council presence on labor productivity varies between manufacturing and services, between … plants that are or are not covered by collective bargaining, and along the conditional distribution of labor productivity. No … productivity effects of works councils are found for the service sector and in manufacturing plants not covered by collective …

heterogeneous effects of works councils on productivity, wages, and profits. The results indicate that the effects differ … significantly between works council relationship types in a systematic pattern. The overall findings are in line with productivity …