We quantify the contribution of rental income to pre- and post-government equivalent household income inequality and of …, housing ownership and rental income particularly increased in large municipalities and urban areas; that rental income … explains an increasing share of income inequality; and that the wealth inequality contribution of primary residence has …

middle class either. We define them as the vulnerable “strugglers”, people living in households with daily income per capita … about a third of the total population. We argue that in many upper-middle income countries of the region, the strugglers …

We argue that survey-based median household consumption expenditure (or income) per capita be incorporated into … country. Using household survey data available for low- and middle-income countries from the World Bank’s PovcalNet tool, we … show that as a measure of income-related well-being, it is far superior to the commonly used GDP per capita as well as …

distribution of income or consumption from each of 942 surveys spanning 127 countries over the period 1977 to 2012. This short note …

transfers, targeted housing and heating subsidies, public spending on education and health, and personal income, payroll …, corporate income, property, and expenditure taxes. In both countries, primary spending is close to 40 percent of GDP. The US … achieves higher redistribution through direct taxes and transfers, primarily due to underutilization of the personal income tax …