same country, with such extremes as the 30 IMF and World Bank adjustment loans to Argentina over 1980-99 or the 26 … in the top half of adjustment loans received became eligible for HIPC debt relief, compared to less than 50 percent of … the IDA countries in the bottom half of adjustment lending -- again suggesting that previous loans were not effective at …

A consensus has developed that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is not fulfilling its role, prompting multiple … alternatives outside the IMF which hold the potential to not only give developing countries greater bargaining leverage with the … IMF’s functions are being carried out in part through alternative institutional arrangements. It focuses in particular on …

its debt to bilateral donors (along the lines of concessional Naples terms for IDA-only countries), which we argue is …

, the restructuring of IDA with a part of its lending in the form of grants rather than loans. Two, the harmonization of … Bank to shift lending towards sectors where it has little comparative advantage and away from the very sectors where it …

three issues: the selection process for the IMF’s managing director, criteria for rating the candidates, and actual ratings …

Romania, the study focuses on examining the 1980s foreign debt crisis context, its determinants and consequences, the impact … entered default or restructuring on the sovereign debt. In the case of Romania, the impact of the foreign debt crisis …-minded Ceausescu to liquidate the foreign debt and other serious errors concerning the crisis management had a destructive impact on …

policies mattered little. Donors—especially bilateral donors—actually made greater transfers to countries with high debt …, largely owed to multilateral creditors, when policies were “bad.” We conclude that comprehensive debt relief has the potential …

that a careful treatment of the empirical evidence on Bank lending strongly contradicts optimal behavior under different …

lending for regional programs since their principal instrument is a loan to a single-country government that must guarantee …