The class of growth models that incorporate nonrivalry and/or externalities implies that the size (scale) of an economy influences its growth rate. Ample empirical evidence exists to suggest that such implied scale effects are counter-factual. The objective of this paper is to develop a general...

More than thirty years ago Milton Friedman proposed a 'plucking' model of business fluctuations in which output cannot exceed a ceiling level, but will, from time to time, be plucked downward by recession. The model implied that business fluctuations are asymmetric, that recessions have only a...