The class of growth models that incorporate nonrivalry and/or externalities implies that the size (scale) of an economy influences its growth rate. Ample empirical evidence exists to suggest that such implied scale effects are counter-factual. The objective of this paper is to develop a general...

More than thirty years ago Milton Friedman proposed a 'plucking' model of business fluctuations in which output cannot exceed a ceiling level, but will, from time to time, be plucked downward by recession. The model implied that business fluctuations are asymmetric, that recessions have only a...

Economists have long been interested in searching for the causes and effects of the growth of income and wealth of countries. The relevant literature gradually was divided nto two banches: economic growth and development economics, with the former emphasizing the use of rigorous mathematical...