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The income that wind and solar power receive on the market is affected by the variability of their output. At times of high availability of the primary energy source, they supply electricity at zero marginal costs, shift the supply curve (merit-order curve) to the right and thereby reduce the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010904938
Globally as well as in China, cities have contributed to most of the economic output and have accordingly given rise to most CO2 emissions. In particular, given unprecedented urbanization, cities will play an even greater role in shaping energy demand and CO2 emissions. Therefore, cities are the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010833948
China’s emerging standing in the world demands a major rethinking of its diplomatic strategies. Given its population size, geographical scale, economic power and military presence, China is poised to play a larger political role in the twenty-first century, and is thus perceived by the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009002690
level the carbon playing field and could have potential conflicts with World Trade Organization (WTO) provisions and … practical difficulties associated with their implementation, Section 5 discuses in great detail the WTO consistency, the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010693191
This paper examines the relationship between biofuels and commodity food prices in the U.S. from a new perspective. While a large body of literature has tried to explain the linkages between sample means and volatilities associated with ethanol and agricultural price returns, little is known...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010833952
This paper illustrates the main results of an expert elicitation survey on advanced (second and third generation) biofuel technologies. The survey focuses on eliciting probabilistic information on the future costs of advanced biofuels and on the potential role of RD&D (Research, Development and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010584493
. Agreement on this paragraph should represent one immediate contribution that the WTO can make to fight against climate change … WTO environmental goods negotiations. It begins with discussing what products to liberalize and how. Given that WTO … in environmental goods and technologies forward, both within and outside the WTO. Recognizing that there is no one …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009421245
Interactions between food demand, biomass energy and forest preservation are driving both food prices and land-use changes, regionally and globally. This study presents a new model called Nexus Land-Use which describes these interactions through a generic representation of agricultural...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010541205
This paper analyses futures prices for four energy commodities (light sweet crude oil, heating oil, gasoline and natural gas) and five agricultural commodities (corn, oats, soybean oil, soybeans and wheat), over the period 1986-2010. Using CCC and DCC multivariate GARCH models, we find that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010833918
This paper evaluates how different types of speculation affect the volatility of commodities’ futures prices. We adopt four indexes of speculation: Working’s T, the market share of non-commercial traders, the percentage of net long speculators over total open interest in future markets,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010665508