model (Holland, 1992), in a random-selection adaptively neutral "shadow" of Echo, and in the biosphere as reflected in the …

Biogenesis and Evolution are viewed from the perspective of the universality of the metabolic chart with respect to … the evolution of the universal ancestor through hierarchical networks of chemical reactions. …

-pathogen matching rules, including the shape-space model. We use the genetic algorithm as a model of evolution to explore the behavior …

A simple model of tag-mediated partner selection for agents playing the IPD is described. The agents strategies are … selection is biased toward agents with similar tags. Each agent plays a small sample of other agents each generation. The … selection can lead to the emergence of some reciprocity even when individuals play only one or two rounds in each IPD game. …

, and characterize the strength of selection for this effect. We find that although the codon usage in Ig V genes renders …

The causes of major and rapid transitions observed in biological macroevolution as well as in the evolution of social …

proteome evolution that is able to reproduce many of the observed statistical regularities reported from the analysis of the … diversification that would evolve proteome networks under a selection pressure, favoring robustness against failure of its individual …