This paper examines the impact of the three main channels of international trade on domestic innovation, namely outward …

put options over a wide range of strike prices, and hence is not model based. Speculators can trade on volatility risk …Modelling, monitoring and forecasting volatility are indispensible to sensible portfolio risk management. The … volatility of an asset of composite index can be traded by using volatility derivatives, such as volatility and variance swaps …

purpose of this paper is to analyze these two indexes in order to capture the volatility inherent in ENSO. The empirical … results show that both the ARMA(1,1)-GARCH(1,1) and ARMA(3,2)-GJR(1,1) models are suitable for modelling ENSO volatility …

exchange rate increases the significant direct and indirect past shock and volatility effects on future volatility between the …

realized volatility models, not confusing thresholds, asymmetry and leverage, not underestimating the complexity of … multivariate volatility models, and thinking carefully about forecasting models and expertise. …

The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the volatility in global fertilizer prices. The endogenous structural … breakpoint unit root test and alternative volatility models, including the generalized autoregressive conditional … volatility of global fertilizer prices and crude oil price from March to December 2008 are higher than in other periods, and that …