significant, indicating that gender-related variables explain why twice as many men as women self-select into competition. …

Recent research has shown that women shy away from competition more often than men. We evaluate experimentally three … Competition unless a critical number of female winners is reached. We find that Quotas and Preferential Treatment encourage women … winners is not worse. The level of cooperation in a post-competition teamwork task is even higher with successful policy …

willingness to enter competition with uncertainty and ambiguity, but men react slightly more than women. Overall, both effects … experiments on gender differences in competition may have measured a lower bound of differences between men and women. …