pay in more than they receive - rather than on the broader overall positive effects of EU spending. Thelargest net … regressivesystem of revenue corrections.To inform debate on the 2021-2027 EU budget, I estimated the impact on net balances of the 2018 … EU's "operating budgetary balance" indicator, and on the basis of a new and broader indicator, the "net direct balance …

could be a prerequisite for the more meaningful discussions on the new EU-UK economic relationship after Brexit, such as ….1 billion, possibly with a large upfront UK payment followed by significant EU reimbursements later. …

markets. However, the policy framework proved inadequate in the context of the major financial crisis in the EU starting in … structural institutional change for the EU, arguably the most significant since the introduction of the euro. Even in its current …