across the EU-15. Farmland values across Europe are sensitive to climate. Even with the adaptation captured by the Ricardian …

impacts than the extraction of conventional oil. The European Union (EU) estimates that oil sands lead to 22% more emissions … than conventional oil. The EU is very concerned by the potential climate and environmental impacts and has considered … unilateral ban of the EU on unconventional oil has no climate benefits and it is expensive for Europe. …