This paper looks at the gender wage gap throughout the transition from communism to capitalism and throughout a time of … participation for women. Although the regime was formally egalitarian, the gender attitudes were conservative and the raw gender … wage gap was as large as 41% at the end of the communist period in Estonia. The large gender wage gap under communist rule …

This paper introduces and critically analyzes an emerging form of global infrastructure development by China … Nigeria serves to illustrate the challenges in the transition toward IICO. This paper calls for continued attention to this …

China, from its own perspective cannot afford to, and from an international perspective, is not allowed to continue on … discusses China’s own efforts towards energy saving and pollutants cutting, the widespread use of renewable energy and … participation in clean development mechanism, and puts carbon reductions of China’s unilateral actions into perspective. Given that …

China is undergoing its long-awaited industrial revolution. There is no shortage of commentary and opinion on this … fundamental mechanisms behind China's rapid industrialization. This article reviews the New Stage Theory of economic development …, despite sharp differences in political and institutional conditions. One of the key conclusions exemplified by China …

Whether China continues its business-as-usual investment-driven, environment-polluting growth pattern or adopts an …, of the mechanism underlining China’s economic transition from an investment-driven, pollution-intensive to an investment … incorporated into China’s growth mechanism, then at some tipping point in time when marginal welfare gain of R&D for knowledge …