. The simulations suggest that the cost of patenting has been reduced by 20 to 30 percent since the enforcement of the LA …. With an average translation cost saving of €3,600 per patent, the total savings for the business sector amount to about … percent. Despite the translation cost savings, the relative cost of a European patent validated in six (thirteen) countries is …

has been extensively tested, the opportunity cost is still considered to represent an important limitation to putting … these actions into practice. In this paper, we present a two-stage method for the assessment of the opportunity cost of the … that the cost of the reduced power generation resulting from the implementation of flushing floods is lower than the …

elicited metrics. The results for PV suggest that in-person elicitations are associated with more optimistic 2030 PV cost …&D increases uncertainty about future costs, mainly because it improves the base case (low cost) outcomes more than it improves the … worst case (high cost) outcomes. …

to adequate resources for the needed, high cost, technology development is increasingly less likely to be available from …