of poverty rates and inequality levels. We also estimate a heterogeneous response to the mining-abundant condition …, finding stronger responses in lower-poverty, higher-inequality districts. Finally, we find a trend suggesting incremental … activities, on the reduction of poverty and inequality. …

shocks: employment rates fall and poverty rates rise in the run-up to entry, and many who fell out of employment report being … have been voluntary, earnings remain lower and poverty rates higher for at least two years after entry. Despite the effect …