successors to the Kyoto protocol are assessed according to four criteria: economic efficiency; environmental effectiveness …

-acceptable conservation policy. -- Payments for Environmental Services (PES) ; Market Constraints ; Cost-Effectiveness ; Efficiency …

the context of consumer demand. In connection with these results, we interpret Afriat’s (1973) critical cost efficiency … index (CCEI) as a measure of cost (in)efficiency, in the sense that a consumer is spending more money than is required to …