information before, during, and after the 2020 economic crisis. Updating the PMT data does not improve social welfare relative to … increases social welfare. A dynamic method that uses data on shocks to estimate a variable component of income reduces exclusion … errors and limits the expansion in coverage, increasing social welfare during the economic crisis. We consider these …

living in poverty. Households with a beneficiary increased their level of consumption by 44 percent. The program improved …

beneficiary population by studying the Pension 65 program in Peru, which uses a poverty eligibility threshold. We find that the …

that keep them from reducing poverty and inequality. To perform this assessment, we analyze three dimensions of size …: conditional cash transfers, non-contributory pensions, and other transfers. We use an international poverty line of 6.85 dollars … PPP per day (similar to the average national poverty line of upper middle-income countries) and adjust survey weights to …

sanitation, on the one hand, and child outcomes like the incidence of diarrhea or child development, on the other. These papers …, rather than morbidity, nutritional status, and development. Also, it has generally not been possible to separately estimate …

college attendance for girls. It also reduced the take-up of welfare benefits by ages 26 and 30 and increased the planned use …