-country differences in the efficiency of foreign technology absorption and indigenous innovation lead to cross-country divergence in the … undertaking indigenous innovation tends to gain a higher level of energy productivity. …

efficiency-improving vertical innovation model where energy technological progress is specified as an improvement in primary … energy use efficiency. Then a variety-expanding horizontal innovation model is presented where energy technological progress … technology tend to diverge due to cross-country differences in indigenous innovation efficiencies and knowledge absorptive …

We provide a unified framework for quantifying the cross country and cross-sector interactions among trade, innovation … model in which comparative advantage and the stock of knowledge are determined by innovation and diffusion. A reduction in … trade costs induces a re-allocation of comparative advantage in production and innovation across sectors, which translates …

energy R&D expenditures. Technological innovation is measured using patent counts for specific technologies related to energy …. -- Innovation ; Technological Change ; Patents ; Energy-Efficiency ; Buildings ; Environmental Policy …