Tradable White Certificates (TWC) schemes, also labelled Energy-Efficiency Certificates schemes, were recently implemented in Great Britain, Italy and France. Energy suppliers have to fund a given quantity of energy efficiency measures, or to buy so-called "white certificates" from other...

Based on a dataset of manufacturing sectors from five major European economies (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) between 2000 and 2011, we identify a number of key sector-level features that, according to established economic research, have a positive impact on the...

What explains Germany's superb export performance? Is Germany's export behaviour very distinct compared to other European countries? We explore the organisational responses to competition of 14,000 exporting firms in seven European countries. We examine the export business model of the median...