arable land in proportion to the pesticide mass discharged annually in a spring at minimum total transport cost. The approach … direction. Validation using a different pesticide showed the best agreement with the simplest model used, whereas using … presents the advantage of integrating objectively information on land use and pesticide concentration in spring water into the …

The use of environmental policy instruments such as eco-labelling and pesticide taxes should preferably be based on … disaggregate estimates of the individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) for pesticide risk reductions. We review the empirical … valuation literature dealing with pesticide risk exposure and develop a taxonomy of environmental and human health risks …

pesticide use. A statistical technique known as conjoint choice experiment is used here in combination with contingent valuation …

automating tasks, increasing standardization of processes and a stronger division of labor, con-siderable unit costs savings were …