little evidence that differences in environmental policies across countries have led to significant "pollution havens". Trade …

Based on panel data covering 114 countries in the world, this study investigates the direct, indirect and total effects … recurrently found to face increased pollution (in particular CO2 emissions) due to direct scale-composition effects of trade in … EGs, the EGs’ net exporters are more likely to see their local pollution to decrease, in particular thanks to income …