We examine the competitive effects of the vertical integration of gasoline refineries and retailers in the U …. Vertical foreclosure is found to increase the wholesale price of refined gasoline by 0.2 to 0.6 cents per gallon. -- vertical …

the price of crude oil to the price of gasoline is asymmetric. Although there have been many contributions documenting … forecasting performance of econometric models incorporating asymmetric price transmission from crude oil to gasoline. In this …, while the ECM implies symmetric price transmission from crude oil to gasoline. We quantify the forecast accuracy gains due …

of gasoline. Relative to the previous literature, the distinguishing features of the present paper are: i) use of updated … and comparable data to carry out an international comparison of gasoline markets; ii) two-stage modeling of the … transmission of oil price shocks to gasoline prices (first refinery stage and second distribution stage), in order to assess …