refugee employment gaps are large in the first years when labour market access is difficult. After a period of seven years the … between employment gaps across population subgroups of immigrant groups and natives by gender, age and education level. …

effect of the inflows of immigrants on their career, employment and wages. We use the 1991 distribution of immigrants by …

labor market, looking at both wage and employment effects. Using the Regional File of the IAB Employment Subsample for the … employment levels. It had instead adverse employment and wage effects on previous waves of immigrants. This stems from the fact …

requirements in terms of relatively long periods of contribution, employment or residence, which migrant workers find difficult to …