A multilateral currency union removes the intraregional exchange rates but not the union rate variability with the rest of the world. The intraregional exchange rate variability is thus latent. A two-step procedure is developed to measure the variability. The measured variables are used to model...

"The paper documents a new empirical result that a high level of aggregate U.S. idiosyncratic stock return volatility is usually associated with a future appreciation in U.S. dollars. The relation is highly significant for most foreign currencies. For example, idiosyncratic volatility accounts...

"Most intervention studies have been silent on the assumed structure of the economic system--implicitly imposing implausible assumptions--despite the fact that inference depends crucially on such issues. This paper proposes to identify the cross-effects of intervention with the level and...