Exploiting the Japanese banking crisis as a laboratory, we provide firm-level evidence on the real effects of bank … investors have similar effects. Moreover, bank mergers engineered to enhance bank stability appear to hurt the borrowers of the …

costly bank guarantees, thus reducing the exposure of the state to significant contingent and direct fiscal liabilities …. Consistent with these findings we find further evidence that these governments are less likely to use bank recapitalisation and …

A bank panic is an expectation-driven redemption event that results in a self-fulfilling prophecy of losses on demand … surprisingly di¢ cult to generate bank panic equilibria if one allows for a plausible degree of contractual flexibility. A common … minimum scale requirement. With this simple and empirically-plausible modification to the standard model, we find that bank …