contexts, it is potentially too restrictive; for example, in models of resource competition, locales may use multiple … construct that includes yardstick competition in a world of multi-dimensional policies to show that while a zero-sloped reaction …

This paper develops a theory of strategic vertical DFI (direct foreign investment) to suggest an explanation for the …-haven effects based on environmental compliance costs might be complicated by such strategic behaviour. The theory provides … particular implications for the empirical research in this area and some broader implications for the theory of DFI. …