; Gains from Trade ; Total Factor Productivity …

investigate the relation between firms' trading activities (importing, exporting or both) and productivity. We find important self … correlated within firms, failing to control for the importing activity leads to overstated average productivity premia of … exporters. -- Trade openness ; Firms' Heterogeneity ; Productivity …

, and Tunisia. In addition, the study examines whether and how the economic policies implemented in these countries led to …