We study the determinants of math achievement among children in early elementary school using data from a unique … experiment in which children were randomly assigned to classrooms within schools for four consecutive grades. As a result, each … there are steep socioeconomic gradients and a substantial boy-girl gap in math test scores. However, among children of …

focus is on child care for children aged 0-3, because this is a critical period for working mothers and their children and …This paper discusses several approaches to examining the relationship between child care and mothers' labor supply. The … because most European and American households with children aged 3-5 already use child care centers. The paper provides data …

This paper evaluates the impacts of a public program that introduced access to part-time childcare centers for children … children's and parental outcomes. Our identification strategy exploits the original randomization and the distance to the … percentage points on mothers' work participation. Our results are robust to different econometric specifications. We also find …

status in which women raise their children and the family context in which children are raised. We refer to family context as … the combination of womens marital status and the type of households in which children reside. We combine references to the … change empirically, we focus on women aged 25 to 29 and children aged 7 to 16. For reasons that will be displayed during the …

-income children. Our findings suggest that parental time investments are neutral to early skills gaps, while monetary investments are …