We seek to explain the emergence of spatial heterogeneity regarding development and pollution on the basis of … endogenous growth and convergence behavior, and pollution accumulation in each country with pollution diffusion between countries … capital and pollution rates of flow, spatial heterogeneity emerges even between two economies with identical fundamental …

technology effects. Each firm produces one good sold on the market. The production process generates pollution characterized by a … common market help non-cooperating countries to internalize transboundary pollution more efficiently. Consequently, in most … cases, when the positive externality increases, the levels of R&D and production increase while pollution decreases …

little evidence that differences in environmental policies across countries have led to significant "pollution havens". Trade …

recurrently found to face increased pollution (in particular CO2 emissions) due to direct scale-composition effects of trade in … EGs, the EGs’ net exporters are more likely to see their local pollution to decrease, in particular thanks to income …